مکانیک سیالات و هیدرولیک pdf

ﻓﺼﻞ اول ـﺧﻮاص ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ....................................................................................................... 1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ1-1 .......................................................................................................................................... 2 ﺳﻴﺎل ﻳﺎ ﺷﺎره 2-1 ............................................................................................................................... 4 ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﮕﻲ ﺳﻴﺎل 3-1 ................................................................................................................. 4 اﺑﻌﺎد و آﺣﺎد 4-1 ................................................................................................................................ 5 ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺷﻲ 5-1 ............................................................................................................................... 11 ..............................................................................................( ﻟﺰﺟﺖ )وﻳﺴﻜﻮزﻳﺘﻪ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺮاﻧﺮوی 6-1 11 ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ 7-1 ................................................................................................................... 12 ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ 8-1 ................................................................................... 13 ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺳﻴﻨﻤﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ 9-1 ......................................................................................................... 13 ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ ﻣﻄﺮح ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻮرد ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻦ 10-1 ..................................................................... 15 ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ روی ﺳﻴﺎل 1-10-1 .................................................................................. 16 ............................................................................... ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﻚ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ دو ﺳﻴﺎل 2-10-1 17 ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻴﺒﺪار 3-10-1 ............................................................................................................. 19 ( ﻟﺰﺟﺖ ﺳﻨﺞ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪای )ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻳﻚ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﻪ داﺧﻞ اﺳﺘﻮاﻧﺔ دﻳﮕﺮ 4-10-1 ............................. 21 .......................................................................................................................... اﻧﻮاع ﺳﻴﺎﻻت 11-1 24 ﺳﻴﺎل اﻳﺪهآل 1-11-1 .......................................................................................................... 24 ( ﺳﻴﺎل واﻗﻌﻲ )ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ 2-11-1 ............................................................................................ 24 اﻟﻒ (ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﻧﻴﻮﺗﻨﻲ ......................................................................................................................... 24 ب(ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ﻏﻴﺮﻧﻴﻮﺗﻨﻲ ....................................................................................................................... 25 ﺣﺠﻢ12-1 ...................................................................................................................................... 27 ﺟﺮم ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻳﺎ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﺟﺮم ﻳﺎ داﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ 13-1 ............................................................................... 28
28 ................................................................................................ وزن ﻣﺨﺼﻮص ﻳﺎﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ وزن 14-1 29 ................................................................................. (ﻳﺎ ﺟﺮم ﺣﺠﻤﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ S) ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ 15-1 30 ..................................................................................................................... ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﺨﺼﻮص 16-1 30 ....................................................................................................................................... ﻓﺸﺎر17-1 31 ........................................................................................................ ﮔﺎز ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ 18-1 31 .................................. ( ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢﭘﺬﻳﺮی ﺳﻴﺎﻻت) ﻣﺪول ﺑﺎﻟﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﺸﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺣﺠﻤﻲ 19-1 33 ................................................................................................................... ( PV ) ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺨﺎر 20-1 33 ........................................................................................................................ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ 21-1 35 .............................................................................................................. اﺛﺮات ﻛﺸﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ 22-1 35 .............................. ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﻲ داﺧﻠﻲ در ﻗﻄﺮه، ﺣﺒﺎب و ﺟﺖ ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ 1- 22-1 36 ................................................................................................................... ﻣﻮﻳﻴﻨﮕﻲ 2- 22-1 39 .......................................................................................... اﺻﻞ ﻋﺪم ﻟﻐﺰش و ﻋﺪم ﭘﺮش دﻣﺎ 24-1 40 ..................................................................................................... ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺎی ﺧﻮاص ﺳﻴﺎﻻت
ﻓﺼﻞ دوم 49 .................................................................................................... ـاﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت 49 ........................................................................................................................................ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ 1-2 49 ......................................................................................................................................... ﻓﺸﺎر 2-2 51 ............................................................................................... ﻓﺸﺎر اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ و ﻓﺸﺎر دﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻲ 3-2 51 ........................................................................................................... ﻓﺸﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﻲ وﻓﺸﺎر ﻣﻄﻠﻖ 4-2 54 ........................................................................................................... ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎر در ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎت 5-2 55 .................................................................................................................... ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻖ 6-2 58 ................................................................................. ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﻓﺸﺎر در ﺳﻴﺎل ﺳﺎﻛﻦ ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮ 7-2 60 .......................................................................................................... وﺳﺎﻳﻞ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮی ﻓﺸﺎر 8-2 60 ........................................................................................................... ﻓﺸﺎرﺳﻨﺞ ﺑﻮردن 1-8-2 ﻓﺸﺎرﺳﻨﺞ ﺟﻴﻮه ای)ﺑﺎروﻣﺘﺮ ﺟﻴﻮه 2-8-2 61 ............................................................................. ای 62 ......................................................................................................................... ﭘﻴﺰوﻣﺘﺮ 3-8-2 62 ...................................................................................................................... ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ 4-8-2 64 .......................................................................... ( ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ دﻳﻔﺮاﻧﺴﻴﻠﻲ) ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﺿﻠﻲ 5-8-2 65 .................................................................................................. ( ﻣﺎﻧﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﺷﻴﺒﺪار) ﻣﺎﻳﻞ 6-8-2 70 ...................................................................................... ﻧﻴﺮوی ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻜﻲ وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح 9-2 70 ........................................................................... ﻧﻴﺮوی ﻓﺸﺎر وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺨﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ 10-2 70 .......................................................................................................... .ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ اﻓﻘﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ 1 71 ........................................................................ ( .ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺷﻴﺒﺪار)ﻣﺎﻳﻞ (ﺑﺎﺷﺪ)ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ 2 73 ........................................................................................................... .ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ 3 82 .................................. ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﻴﺮوی ﺑﺮآﻳﻨﺪ و ﺧﻂ اﺛﺮآن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ازروش ﻣﻨﺸﻮر ﻓﺸﺎر 11-2 84 .......................................................................... ﻧﻴﺮوی ﻫﻴﺪرواﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ وارد ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ 12-2
ﻧﻴﺮوی ﺷﻨﺎوری ﻳﺎ ﻧﻴﺮوی ارﺷﻤﻴﺪس و ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﺛﺮ آن 13-2 ................................................................ 91 ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺷﻨﺎوری 1-13-2 ......................................................................................................... 91 ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻏﻮﻃﻪوری 2-13-2 ..................................................................................................... 93 ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻪ 3-13-2 ﻧﺸﻴﻨﻲ ......................................................................................................... 93 ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﺪاری اﺟﺴﺎم ﻏﻮﻃﻪور 14-2 ................................................................................................ 97 ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻨﺘﺮﻳﻚ وارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻨﺘﺮﻳﻚ 15-2 ....................................................................................... 98 ﻣﻌﻴﺎر ﭘﺎﻳﺪاری اﺟﺴﺎم ﺷﻨﺎور 16-2 ..................................................................................................... 99 ﺗﻌﺎدل ﻧﺴﺒﻲ 17-2 .......................................................................................................................... 101 ﺗﺴﺖﻫﺎی ﻓﺼﻞ دوم اﺳﺘﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﻻت ............................................................................................ 102